Reader Respond Draft 2

 According to Lecomte (2019), the real estate industry needs a proper certification program to mitigate risks for innovative technology which are prone to hacking and cyberattacks. Lecomte states that a "smart building should have common standards" and metrics similar to green buildings. Lecomte says that in the current context, there are no official international standards for intelligent construction. Consequently, developers can only rely on the "Honeywell Smart Building Score (HSBS)" as they are a well-known corporate indicator in this field. In comparison, others would self-implement a framework that caters to their occupant's needs. Lecomte also says that if an official international standard were to be established, cyber security in an intelligent building should be considered a framework factor. In Lecomte statements, he states that there had been numerous breaches in recent years. Hackers gained client information through building maintenance operators (ANREV, 2013 cited in Lecomte, 2019). While metrics are implemented for a building to be more intelligent, developers should not neglect cyber-security with the intention of satisfying only the occupant's need.  

There is an urgent need for an innovative and secure building indicator, as the factor of 'smart' is widely miss-adopted by the general real estate developer resulting in the lack of technology protection (Sissons, 2019). Many organizations around the world have their perception of 'smart' building. We can take examples from some leading countries in Asia. South Korea focuses on innovative features and leaves out sustainability; Japan focuses on service, and China focuses on the system aspect (Lecomte, 2019). This initiative will allow the industry to have common standards and a governing body to ensure that it remains the essence of safety and sustainability as a building moves towards intelligence. Different occupants have their initiative in an intelligent building, but level of protection in cyber security should be standardized. When a building is modernized towards intelligence, most user data and building operating systems will be stored and controlled using a centralized computer or software. Which make it vulnerable towards penetrator, therefore building management should adequately protect occupant information(Timberg et al., 2013).

 

As the world evolved into modern technology, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can complete everything through a smartphone (Abdallah et al., 2020). The conventional approach of the Internet of Things(IoT) poses a threat to user's privacy. A large amount of big data is collected, which can disclose user profile, behaviours and location. Privacy and cyber security should be integrated into the framework to protect user profiles while living in smart cities. In the rapid progression of current technology towards the smart building, the developer should not only be invested in the amount of high technology and dedicate sufficient money for security to protect the systems and user interest.     

 

Nevertheless there are still some real estate developer that see the importance of cyber-security in smart building, due to the amount of technology invested and protecting users interest(Smith et al., 2018). In a survey on user understanding towards smart building technologies and cybercrime awareness. It shown that nearly half participated aware of the type of cybercrime in current smart cities technologies and a whopping (90%) of almost all know how to secure their account. The results shows how important cyber-security is to occupant, with that the framework should consider this as a factor.

      

 

The concept of an intelligent building should be efficient, sustainable, safe, and comfortable environments that can quickly adapt and respond to people's needs(Bosch building solution global, n.d.). A smart building should not only satisfy our needs but also should be beneficial to the environment. Therefore we should look into a single international certification in which innovation and sustainability could be accessed. This framework should set the base requirements of what 'smart' really is. Real estate developers must strictly meet the requirement to be rewarded the smart building entitlement. The framework should also be used to reassess the building on a quarterly or yearly basis. The cyber security portion should be constantly reviewed due to the heavy use and importance of the central computer. The building should also be continuously tested on its ability to detect any abnormal behaviour towards its security. A research article (Abdallah et al. cited in Control and Safeguard 2013) states that there is four major defence towards building cyber security, which includes (a) Identify – “element of common threats and anomalies"; (b) Protect – “predict and detect suspicious behaviour”; (c) Sustain – “a combination of data and analytics can help to build a security framework” and (d) Machine learning algorithms – “that can help to optimize any changes than the usual behaviours”. The importance of cyber security should not be missed due to its costly investment as we move towards modernizing smart cities.      

 

Abdallah.T. & Mariam.A.J. (2020, 18 May). Building A Security Framework for Smart Cities: Case Study From UAE. 2020 5^th International Conference on Computer and Communication System. Ieeexplore. [Online] Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org.singaporetech.remotexs.co/document/9118517/authors#authors [Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]

Bosch building solution global (N.d). Smart Building: How Intelligent Buildings Support Us In The Future. Bosch building solution. [Online] Available:  https://www.boschbuildingsolutions.com/xc/en/news-and-stories/smartbuildings/?gclid=CjwKCAjwzOqKBhAWEiwArQGwaJFrC7idXBl0KjgLYjLvXi0iR2OE2T-Q_wO_YzXzpNETaaxjNUrx_hoCLsEQAvD_BwE [Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]

Control & Safeguard (2013) Controls and Safeguard. Scitechconnect. [Online] Available: http://scitechconnect.elsevier.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Controls-and-Safeguards.pdf [Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]

Lecomte.P. (2019, 29 Jan). Smart Building: What Smart Really Means. The Business Times. [Online] Available:https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/opinion/smart-buildings-what-smart-really-means [Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]

 

Sissons.T. (2019, 29 Oct). Building Smart From The Start: Technology Shouldn't Be An Afterthought For New Development. Inpixon. [Online] Available: https://www.inpixon.com/blog/building-smart-from-start-technology-new-developments [Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]

Smith.M., Gleason.S. & Cools.A. (2018) Securing Real Estate Assets In Digital World. KPMG. [Online] Available: https://www.jacksonlewis.com/sites/default/files/docs/KPMGsecuring-real-estate-assets-in-a-digital-world.pdf[Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]

Timberg.C, Yang.J.L & Tsukayama.H.(2013, 19 Dec). Security Breach: 40 Million Debit & Credit Cards Information Compromised. Washington Post. [Online] Available: https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/target-data-breach-affects-40-million-accounts-payment-info-compromised/2013/12/19/5cc71f22-68b1-11e3-ae56-22de072140a2_story.html [Accessed: 3-Oct-2021]